By Elena Medvedovski, PhD
For a Russian Jew, there was no question of whether he was to be or not to be a Jew, and if he was to be one, then what kind of Jew: secular, religious, a Zionist, or an advocate of life in the Diaspora. “Russian Jews did not become Jews, they were born Jews,” Aleksandr L’vov asserts: being a Jew was an incontestable “fact of biography.”